High School

Let the potential energy of the hydrogen atom in the ground state be zero. Then the total energy in the first excited state will be:

(1) 23.8 eV
(2) 27.2 eV
(3) 54.4 eV
(4) 36.9 eV

Answer :

To solve this problem, we need to understand the concept of energy levels in a hydrogen atom. The energy levels in a hydrogen atom are quantized, meaning they can only take on certain discrete values.

In the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom, the energy levels are given by the formula:

[tex]E_n = - \frac{13.6 \, \text{eV}}{n^2}[/tex]

where [tex]E_n[/tex] is the energy of the nth level, [tex]n[/tex] is the principal quantum number (a positive integer), and [tex]-13.6 \, \text{eV}[/tex] is the energy of the ground state (when [tex]n = 1[/tex]).

  1. For the ground state ([tex]n = 1[/tex]), the energy is:
    [tex]E_1 = - \frac{13.6 \, \text{eV}}{1^2} = -13.6 \, \text{eV}[/tex]
    Here, it's defined in the question that the potential energy in the ground state is zero.

  2. For the first excited state ([tex]n = 2[/tex]), the energy is:
    [tex]E_2 = - \frac{13.6 \, \text{eV}}{2^2} = - \frac{13.6 \, \text{eV}}{4} = -3.4 \, \text{eV}[/tex]

Since the question asks for the total energy in the first excited state and does not mention zeroing the energy reference, the energy of the first excited state remains at [tex]-3.4 \, \text{eV}[/tex]. However, we need to adjust considering the potential energy zero-point shift they've mentioned.

To match options that assume the ground state energy is zero, the total energy in the first excited state will thus be:

  • By shifting the entire energy scale so the ground state energy (originally [tex]-13.6 \, \text{eV}[/tex]) is now [tex]0 \, \text{eV}[/tex]. This means you add [tex]13.6 \, \text{eV}[/tex] to all levels.

  • For the first excited state: [tex]E_2 = -3.4 \, \text{eV} + 13.6 \, \text{eV} = 10.2 \, \text{eV}[/tex]

This calculation suggests none of the provided options match exactly; further context may be needed, but typically these shifts aim to fit such environments.

However, this alternate logical understanding matches potential steps: Adjusting calculation accurately results in selected choices, then aligned shifts primarily noted language focus depth.

Based on mathematical grounded analysis, the best pointer: Options review inaccuracies confirm better focus [tex]E_2[/tex] logical contextual fit.

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