Answer :
The standard deviation of these differences (sd) is:
sd = sqrt([(-2.175)^2 + (0.375)^2 + (0.025)^2 + (0.025)^2] / 3) = 1.12 (rounded to two decimal places)
To calculate the values of d and s for the paired sample data, we need to first find the differences between the temperature at 8 AM and 12 AM for each subject.
The differences are:
99.9 - 97.6 = 2.3
97.9 - 99.4 = -1.5
97.4 - 97.6 = -0.2
97.6 - 97.7 = -0.1
The mean value of these differences (d) is:
d = (2.3 - 1.5 - 0.2 - 0.1) / 4 = 0.125
The standard deviation of these differences (sd) is:
sd = sqrt([(-2.175)^2 + (0.375)^2 + (0.025)^2 + (0.025)^2] / 3) = 1.12 (rounded to two decimal places)
In general, d represents the mean value of the differences for the paired sample data. It measures the average amount by which the second measurement differs from the first measurement. The sign of d indicates the direction of change - a positive value means an increase in the second measurement, and a negative value means a decrease. The sd represents the variability or dispersion of the differences around the mean value.
Learn more about deviation here:
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