Answer :
Final answer:
The average e.m.f during a positive half cycle of an AC main supply of 220 V RMS is about 198 V. This is because the average value of an AC voltage across a positive half cycle is approximately 0.637 times the peak value.
Explanation:
The question is about calculating the average e.m.f during a positive half cycle of an AC main supply provided as 220 V. The AC voltages that are typically quoted - like the 220 V mentioned - are in fact Root Mean Square (RMS) values, not peak values.
The peak or maximum value for an AC voltage can be calculated through multiplying its RMS value by square root of 2 (√2). Hence, the peak value of a 220 V RMS AC supply is 220 V * √2 = 311 V. However, the average value of an AC voltage across a positive half cycle is not the same as its peak value. It is approximately 0.637 times the peak value.
Therefore, the average e.m.f of a positive half cycle of an AC voltage with an RMS value of 220 V is about 0.637 * 311 V = 198 V.
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